Batchim

Batchim

Batchim Table

Types

*(double final consonants)

Pronunciation	Type	Tips for Pronunciations
k [ㄱ]	ㄱ, ㅋ, ㄲ,ㄳ,ㄺ	The tongue remains still and it feels like stuffing the throat.
n [ㄴ]	ㄴㄵ,ㄶ	The tongue touches the upper teeth or the upper part of the mouth.
t [ㄷ]	ㄷ, ㅌ, ㅅ, ㅆ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅎ	The tongue touches the back of the upper teeth
l [ㄹ]	ㄹ,ㄼ,ㄽ,ㄾ,ㅀ	The tongues touches the upper teeth or the upper part of the mouth.
m [ㅁ]	ㅁ,ㄻ	The mouth remains closed.
p [ㅂ]	ㅂ,ㅍ,ㅄ,ㄿ	The mouth remains closed.
ng [ㅇ]	ㅇ	Make a cave inside the mouth and keep the tongue still.

The Rules of Double Final Consonants

Consonant pronounced	Type	Exceptions
On the left	ㄳ,ㄵ,ㄶ,ㄼ,ㄽ,ㄾ,ㅀ, ㅄ	The right batchim is pronunced for 밟다 Ex: 밟다 (Step on)→[밥따]
On the right	ㄺ,ㄻ,ㄿ	Pronounce the left batchim when ㄱ consonant is followed after ㄺ Ex: 읽고(Read)→[일꼬] However, if ㄺ is in a noun, the right consonant is pronunced Ex: 닭고기(Chicken meat)→[닥꼬기]

Pronunciation Changes

Type	Rules
Soft Consonants	If a batchim other than ㅎ is followed by ㅇ, the consonant of batchim will be combined with the vowel following. Ex：먹어 (eat) →[머거]、이것은 (This is ) →[이거슨] If ㅇ follows after double consonants, both consonats are pronunced. Ex：젊어요(young)→[절머요]、앉아(sit)→［안자] If ㄷ, ㅌ, ㄾ are followed by 이, they will be pronunced as ㅈ,ㅊ,ㄹㅊ, respectively. Ex：굳이 (dare) →[구지]、같이 (together) →[가치]、핥이다 (lick) →[할치다] If ㅎ batchim is followed by ㅇ, ㅎ will not be pronunced. Ex：좋아 (like→[조아]、싫어 (dislike) →[시러]
Nasalization	If the consonants ㄱ,ㄷ,ㅂ,ㅅ,ㅈ come after ㄱ,ㄷ,ㅂ batchims, their pronunciation will become double consonants like ㄲ,ㄸ,ㅃ,ㅆ,ㅉ, respectively. Ex：없고 (without) →[업꼬]、책상 (desk) →[책쌍]、꽃밭 (flower field) →[꼳빧]
Aspirated Consonant Phenomenon	If the consonants ㄱ,ㄷ,ㅂ,ㅈ come before or after the batchim ㅎ, their pronunciation will become strong consonants like ㅋ,ㅌ,ㅍ,ㅊ Ex：축하해(congratulations)→[추카해]、입학 (enrollment) →[이팍]、맞히다(hit)→[마치다] If the 4 consonants above mentioned (ㄱ,ㄷ,ㅂ,ㅈ) come after ㄶ or ㅀ, their pronunciation becomes strong consonants as well. Ex：많다 (many) →[만타]、잃지 않다(not lose) →[일치 안타]
Nasalization	If ㄱ,ㄷ,ㅂ batchim is followed by the consonants ㄴ or ㅁ, the batchim is pronunced ㅇ,ㄴ or ㅁ, respectively. Ex：박물관 (museum) →[방물관]、감사합니다 (Thank you) →[감사함니다] If ㅁ or ㅇ batchim is followed by the consonant ㄹ, ㄹ becomes ㄴ. Ex：심리학 (psychology) →[심니학]、종류 (type) →[종뉴] If ㄱ or ㅂ batchim is followed by the consonant ㄹ, the batchim becomes ㅇ or ㅁ respectively, and ㄹ becomes ㄴ. Ex：학력 (educational background) →[항녁]、합리적 (rational) →[함니적]
Fortis Phenomenon	If ㄴ batchim is followed by the consonant ㄹ, or ㄹ batchim is followed by the consonant ㄴ, ㄴ becomes ㄹ. Ex：관리 (management) →[괄리]、잃는 (lose) →[일른] However in some cases, the batchim does not become ㄹ and instead the following consonant becomes ㄴ (often in words originating from Chinese characters). Ex：결단력(decisiveness)→[결딴녁]、횡단로(cross road)→[횡단노]